LeerreëlsCanons of Dort

Dordtse Leerreëls

Hierdie Belydenisskrif was die beslissing van die Nasionale Sinode van die Gereformeerde Kerke van die Verenigde Nederlande, wat in die jare 1618 en 1619 in Dordrecht gehou is, oor die bekende vyf leerstellings van die Remonstrante waaroor daar in die Gereformeerde Kerke verskil ontstaan het.

Voorwoord

IN DIE NAAM VAN ONS HERE EN SALIGMAKER JESUS CHRISTUS, AMEN

Die Here, ons Verlosser Jesus Christus, het ‘n uiters groot aantal vertroostinge in hierdie ellendige bestaan aan sy strydende kerk gegee. Tereg word die troos wat Hy, by sy vertrek na sy Vader in sy hemelse heiligdom, vir die kerk agtergelaat het, as die belangrikste beskou. Hy het naamlik gesê:

“Ek is met julle al die dae tot aan die voleinding van die wêreld” (Matt. 28:20).

Die waaragtigheid van hierdie allersoetste belofte skitter duidelik in die kerk van alle tye. Dit is immers van die begin af nie alleen deur openlike geweld van die vyande daarvan en deur die goddeloosheid van ketters geteister nie, maar ook deur die openlike slinksheid van verleiers. As die Here sy kerk trouens ooit in die heilsame bystand van die belofte van sy nabyheid in die steek sou gelaat het, sou dit lankal deur die geweld van tiranne onderdruk of deur die bedrog van bedrieërs die verderf in verlei gewees het. Maar Hy, die goeie Herder, het sy kudde vir wie Hy sy lewe afgelê het, met die grootste standvastigheid liefgehad; Hy het altyd betyds en dikwels met sy uitgestrekte hand die woede van die vervolgers van die kerk wonderbaarlik onderdruk en die kronkelpaaie en bedrieglike planne van verleiers ontmasker en vernietig. In albei gevalle het Hy getoon dat Hy sy kerk ten nouste naby is.

Daar bestaan voortreflike getuienis hiervan in die annale van godvrugtige keisers, konings en prinse wat die Seun van God so dikwels verwek het om sy kerk by te staan en met heilige ywer vir sy huis laat brand het. Deur hulle toedoen het Hy nie alleen die woede van tiranne aan bande gelê nie, maar ook die middels van heilige Sinodes aan die kerk voorsien wanneer dit in ‘n stryd met valse leraars gewikkel was wat die godsdiens op verskillende maniere vervals het. In hierdie Sinodes het getroue diensknegte van Christus met gesamentlike gebede, besluite en inspanning ten behoewe van die kerk en die waarheid van God moedig stand gehou en die kerk onverskrokke teen die dienaars van die Satan beskerm, ten spyte daarvan dat hulle hulle in engele van die lig verander het. Verder het hulle die saad van dwalings en tweedrag uit die weg geruim, die kerk in eensgesindheid van die suiwer godsdiens bewaar en die opregte diens aan God onvervals aan die nageslag oorgelewer.

Ons getroue Verlosser het sy genadige nabyheid in hierdie tyd met ‘n soortgelyke weldaad aan die kerk in Nederland betuig wat verskeie jare lank tot die uiterste toe beproef is. Hierdie kerk is trouens deur die magtige hand van God van die tirannie van die Roomse Antichris en die verskriklike afgodediens van die pousdom verlos; so dikwels is dit in die gevare van langdurige oorlog wonderbaarlik beskerm en dit het tot lof van sy God, tot wonderlike groei van die staat en tot blydskap van die ganse Gereformeerde wêreld in die eensgesindheid van die ware leer en tug geblom.

Jakobus Arminius en sy navolgers, wat as Remonstrante bekendstaan, het dit daarna egter eers in die geheim maar uiteindelik in die openbaar met verskeie onbekende sowel as nuwe dwalinge aangeval. Hierdeur is die kerk hardnekkig deur afstootlike twis en skeuring in beroering gebring en hulle het dit in so ‘n groot krisis gedompel dat die mees bloeiende kerk as gevolg van die verskriklike brand van twiste en skeuring uiteindelik in vlamme sou opgegaan het as die ontferming van ons Verlosser nie betyds tussenbeide getree het nie.

Maar aan die Here kom lof toe tot in ewigheid. Nadat Hy vir ‘n rukkie sy aangesig vir ons verberg het omdat ons sy toorn en verontwaardiging op baie maniere uitgelok het, het Hy aan die hele wêreld bewys dat Hy sy verbond nie vergeet het nie en dat Hy die versugtinge van dié wat aan Hom behoort nie verontagsaam nie. Menslikerwys kon daar beswaarlik enige teenmiddel te voorskyn tree. Daarom het Hy die ingewing aan beroemde maghebbers in die State Generaal van die Nederlandse verbond gegee om volgens die advies en aanwysing van die deurlugtige en moedige Prins van Oranje die beslissing te neem om hierdie euwels wat hulleself uitwoed, met wetlike middels teen te gaan.

Hierdie middels was volgens die voorbeeld van die apostels en dié wat daarop gevolg het, met die lang verloop van tye deur die Christelike kerk goedgekeur en tevore ook met groot vrug in die Nederlandse kerk gebruik. Hulle het ook besluit om uit al die provinsies waaroor hulle bevel gehad het, op hulle eie gesag ‘n Sinode by Dordrecht byeen te roep nadat hulle daartoe versoek is en hulle ook begunstig is deur die baie vriendelike en magtige koning van Groot Brittanje, Koning Jakobus, uitmuntende prinse, rade en state en hulle hierbenewens ook ‘n baie groot aantal van die belangrikste teoloë bekom het.

Hulle doel was dat die leerstellings van Arminius en sy navolgers deur ‘n algemene oordeel van soveel teoloë sorgvuldig in ‘n plegtige Sinode ondersoek kon word; sodat daaroor uit die Woord van God alleen geoordeel kon word; verder dat die ware leer bevestig en die valse leer verwerp kon word, en dat eensgesindheid, vrede en rus met God se seën weer in die kerke in Nederland herstel kon word. Dit is oor hierdie weldaad van God waaroor die Nederlandse kerke verheug is, en hulle erken nederig die getroue medelye van hulle Verlosser en verkondig dit met dankbaarheid.

Hierdie agbare Sinode is gevolglik op gesag van die hoogste owerheid in al die kerke in Nederland voorafgegaan deur die aansegging en huldiging van vas en gebede om God se toorn af te bid en Hom om sy genadige bystand te smeek. Die Sinode is aangevuur deur liefde vir die mag van God en vir die welvaart van die kerk en het in Dordrecht in die Naam van die Here vergader. Na aanroeping van God se Naam, is die Sinode deur ‘n heilige eed daartoe verbind om die Heilige Skrif alleen as maatstaf vir sy beoordeling te aanvaar en in die ondersoek en oordeel van hierdie saak met ‘n goeie en onpartydige gewete op te tree.

Die Sinode het ywerig en met groot geduld daaraan gewerk om die belangrikste voorstanders van hierdie leerstellings voor hulle te daag en hulle daartoe te beweeg om hulle opvatting oor die vyf bekende hoofpunte van hulle leer en die redes vir hulle opvattings vollediger uiteen te sit. Hulle het egter die oordeel van die Sinode verwerp en geweier om op ‘n billike manier op die vrae te antwoord. Nóg die teregwysing van die Sinode, nóg die opdragte van die uitmuntende en magtige verteenwoordigers van die State Generaal, ja, selfs nie eens die bevele van die uitnemende maghebbers van die State Generaal kon by hulle enige vordering maak nie.

Daarom is die Sinode op las van dieselfde maghebbers en volgens ‘n gewoonte wat al lankal reeds in Sinodes van ouds in swang was, genoodsaak om ‘n ander weg te betree. Daar is dus ‘n ondersoek ingestel na daardie vyf hoofpunte van hulle leerstellings uit hulle geskrifte, belydenisse en verklarings wat gedeeltelik reeds tevore uitgegee is en gedeeltelik aan hierdie Sinode beskikbaar gestel is.

Deur die sonderlinge genade van God is hierdie ondersoek met die grootste sorgvuldigheid, betroubaarheid en goeie gewete, en met die instemming van almal saam en elkeen afsonderlik afgehandel. Gevolglik het hierdie Sinode besluit om tot Gods eer en met die oog daarop om die suiwerheid van die heilswaarheid, die rustigheid van ons gewetens en die rus en welvaart van die Nederlandse kerk ter harte te neem, die volgende beslissing bekend te stel. Hierin word die Sinode se opvatting wat waaragtig en in ooreenstemming met die Woord van God is, oor die voorgenoemde vyf hoofpunte van hulle leer uiteengesit en as vals en in stryd met die Woord van God verwerp.

Canons of Dort

This Confession was the decision of the National Synod of the Reformed Churches of the United Netherlands, held in the years 1618 and 1619 in Dordrecht, concerning the well-known five articles of the Remonstrants about which controversy had arisen in the Reformed Churches.

Foreword

IN THE NAME OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST, AMEN

The Lord, our Redeemer Jesus Christ, has given an exceedingly great number of consolations to His Church militant in this miserable existence. Rightly the consolation which He left to the Church at His departure to His Father in His heavenly sanctuary is considered the most important. He said:

“I am with you always, to the end of the age” (Matt. 28:20).

The truth of this most sweet promise shines clearly in the Church of all ages. For from the beginning it has been assailed not only by the open violence of its enemies and the godlessness of heretics, but also by the open craftiness of seducers. Indeed, if the Lord had ever forsaken His Church by withdrawing the saving assistance of His promised presence, it would long ago have been oppressed by the violence of tyrants or led to destruction by the deceit of impostors. But He, the Good Shepherd, who laid down His life for His flock, loved them with the greatest constancy; He always intervened in time and often with His outstretched hand wonderfully suppressed the fury of the Church’s persecutors and unmasked and destroyed the winding paths and deceitful schemes of seducers. In both cases He showed that He is most closely present with His Church.

There is excellent testimony of this in the annals of godly emperors, kings, and princes whom the Son of God so often raised up to assist His Church and made them burn with holy zeal for His house. Through their efforts He not only restrained the fury of tyrants, but also provided the Church with the means of holy synods whenever it was engaged in a struggle with false teachers who had corrupted the faith in various ways. In these synods, faithful servants of Christ courageously stood firm with united prayers, resolutions, and exertion on behalf of the Church and the truth of God, and fearlessly defended the Church against the servants of Satan, despite the fact that they had transformed themselves into angels of light. Furthermore, they cleared away the seeds of errors and discord, preserved the Church in the unity of pure religion, and handed down the genuine worship of God uncorrupted to posterity.

Our faithful Redeemer demonstrated His gracious presence at this time with a similar blessing to the Church in the Netherlands, which had been tested to the utmost for several years. For this Church had been delivered by the mighty hand of God from the tyranny of the Roman Antichrist and the dreadful idolatry of the papacy; it had been wonderfully preserved so often in the dangers of prolonged war, and had flourished in unity of true doctrine and discipline, to the praise of its God, to the wonderful growth of the state, and to the joy of the entire Reformed world.

Jacobus Arminius and his followers, known as the Remonstrants, subsequently attacked this Church, first in secret but eventually in public, with various unknown as well as new errors. Thereby the Church was stubbornly thrown into turmoil by repulsive strife and schism, and they plunged it into such a great crisis that the most flourishing Church would eventually have gone up in flames as a result of the terrible fire of disputes and schism, had the mercy of our Redeemer not intervened in time.

But to the Lord be praise forever. After He had hidden His face from us for a while because we had provoked His wrath and indignation in many ways, He proved to the whole world that He had not forgotten His covenant and that He does not disregard the longings of those who belong to Him. Humanly speaking, there could scarcely have been any remedy. Therefore He gave the inspiration to the renowned magistrates in the States General of the Dutch confederation, in accordance with the advice and direction of the illustrious and courageous Prince of Orange, to take the decision to oppose these evils, which were raging unchecked, by lawful means.

These means had been approved by the Christian Church over the long course of time, following the example of the apostles and those who followed them, and had previously been used with great fruit in the Dutch Church. They also resolved to convene a Synod at Dordrecht from all the provinces under their authority, on their own initiative, after they had been requested to do so and had also been favoured by the very friendly and powerful King of Great Britain, King James, distinguished princes, councils, and states, and had furthermore secured a very large number of the most important theologians.

Their purpose was that the doctrines of Arminius and his followers could be carefully examined by the general judgment of so many theologians in a solemn Synod; that judgment could be rendered from the Word of God alone; further, that the true doctrine could be confirmed and the false doctrine rejected, and that unity, peace, and rest could be restored with God’s blessing in the churches of the Netherlands. It is over this blessing of God that the Dutch churches rejoice, and they humbly acknowledge the faithful compassion of their Redeemer and proclaim it with gratitude.

This venerable Synod was consequently preceded, on the authority of the highest government, in all the churches of the Netherlands by the announcement and observance of fasting and prayers to avert God’s wrath and to entreat Him for His gracious assistance. The Synod was fired by love for the power of God and for the welfare of the Church and assembled at Dordrecht in the Name of the Lord. After the invocation of God’s Name, the Synod was bound by a holy oath to accept the Holy Scripture alone as the standard for its judgment and to act with a good and impartial conscience in the examination and judgment of this matter.

The Synod worked zealously and with great patience to summon the principal advocates of these doctrines before them and to persuade them to set forth their views on the five well-known main points of their doctrine and the reasons for their views more fully. However, they rejected the judgment of the Synod and refused to answer the questions in a fair manner. Neither the admonition of the Synod, nor the instructions of the excellent and powerful delegates of the States General, indeed, not even the commands of the distinguished magistrates of the States General could make any progress with them.

Therefore the Synod was compelled, on the order of the same magistrates and according to a custom that had long been in use in synods of old, to take a different course. An investigation was therefore made into those five main points of their doctrines from their writings, confessions, and declarations, which had partly already been published previously and partly been made available to this Synod.

By the singular grace of God, this investigation was completed with the greatest care, trustworthiness, and good conscience, and with the agreement of all together and each individually. Consequently, this Synod resolved, to the glory of God and with the aim of taking to heart the purity of the truth of salvation, the quietness of our consciences, and the peace and welfare of the Dutch Church, to publish the following decision. In this decision the Synod’s view, which is true and in accordance with the Word of God, concerning the aforementioned five main points of their doctrine is set forth, and that which is false and contrary to the Word of God is rejected.

Hoofstuk 1First Head of Doctrine

Eerste Hoofstuk: Van die Goddelike Uitverkiesing en Verwerping

Paragraaf 1

Alle mense het in Adam gesondig en hulle skuldig gemaak aan die vloek en die ewige dood. Daarom sou God niemand verontreg het as dit sy wil was om die hele menslike geslag in die sonde en vervloeking te laat bly en vanweë die sonde te veroordeel nie. Daarom leer die apostel: die hele wêreld is voor God doemwaardig¹. Almal het gesondig en dit ontbreek hulle aan die heerlikheid van God² en: Die loon van die sonde is die dood³.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 3:19; Romeine 5:12-14 ² Romeine 3:23 ³ Romeine 6:23

Paragraaf 2

Maar God het uit sy groot liefde vir die wêreld sy eniggebore Seun gegee, sodat elkeen wat in Hom glo, nie verlore sal gaan nie, maar die ewige lewe sal hê¹. Hieruit blyk die onbeperkte liefde van God, wat sy Seun gestuur het om die wêreld te verlos².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 3:16 ² 1 Johannes 4:9-10

Paragraaf 3

Om mense tot geloof te bring, verkondig God sy evangelie aan wie Hy wil, en deur die krag van die Heilige Gees maak Hy die harte ontvanklik vir die evangelie¹. Die evangelie is ‘n genadige oproep aan alle mense om tot bekering te kom en in Christus te glo².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 10:14-15; Handelinge 16:14 ² Matteus 22:14; Handelinge 17:30

Paragraaf 4

Diegene wat die evangelie hoor en nie glo nie, is self verantwoordelik vir hul ongeloof, want die evangelie is voldoende om geloof te wek¹. Hulle verharding is nie die skuld van God nie, maar van hul eie hardkoppigheid².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 12:37-40; Hebreërs 4:12 ² Romeine 2:5; Hebreërs 3:13

Paragraaf 5

Die oorsaak van geloof in sommige en ongeloof in ander lê in God se ewige besluit, waardeur Hy sommige tot geloof en saligheid uitverkies het, terwyl Hy ander in hul sonde gelaat het¹. Dit is die bron van alle reddende gawes².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 9:15-18; Efesiërs 1:4-5 ² Johannes 6:44; Efesiërs 2:8

Paragraaf 6

Hierdie uitverkiesing is God se onveranderlike voorneme om sekere persone uit die gevalle mensdom tot saligheid te verlos, nie op grond van hul werke nie, maar uit sy vrye genade in Christus¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Efesiërs 1:4-5; 2 Timoteus 1:9

Paragraaf 7

Hierdie uitverkiesing het God voor die grondlegging van die wêreld bepaal, toe Hy uit sy vrye goedheid sekere persone uitverkies het om heilig en onberispelik voor Hom te wees¹. Hierdie uitverkiesing is nie gegrond op voorafgesiene geloof of goeie werke nie, maar op God se vrye genade².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Efesiërs 1:4; 1 Petrus 1:1-2 ² Romeine 9:11; Titus 3:4-5

Paragraaf 8

Daar is nie verskeie dekrete van uitverkiesing nie, maar een en dieselfde dekreet vir almal wat gered sal word, beide onder die Ou en Nuwe Testament¹. Hierdie dekreet sluit beide genade en heerlikheid in².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Handelinge 15:18; Efesiërs 1:11 ² Romeine 8:30; 2 Tessalonisense 2:13

Paragraaf 9

Uitverkiesing is die fontein van alle reddende gawes, waaruit geloof, heiligheid en ander gawes vloei, en uiteindelik die ewige lewe self¹. Die apostel sê: Hy het ons uitverkies, nie omdat ons heilig was nie, maar sodat ons heilig en onberispelik voor Hom sal wees².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Efesiërs 1:4; Johannes 17:6 ² Efesiërs 1:4

Paragraaf 10

Die oorsaak van hierdie genadige uitverkiesing is uitsluitlik die welbehae van God, nie enige verdienste in die mens nie¹. Dit is uit sy vrye genade dat Hy sommige uitverkies het en ander verbygegaan het².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 9:15-16; Efesiërs 2:8-9 ² Romeine 11:5-6

Paragraaf 11

God se uitverkiesing is onveranderlik, en die uitverkorenes kan nie verwerp word nie, maar sal sekerlik tot saligheid kom¹. Hulle geloof is ‘n bewys van hul uitverkiesing².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 10:28-29; Romeine 8:30 ² 1 Tessalonisense 1:4; 2 Petrus 1:10

Paragraaf 12

Die uitverkorenes word in die bestemde tyd tot geloof gebring en ontvang die versekering van hul uitverkiesing deur die werking van die Heilige Gees¹. Hierdie versekering bring vreugde en heilige plesier².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Handelinge 13:48; 2 Korintiërs 4:6 ² Hebreërs 6:11-12; 1 Johannes 3:14

Paragraaf 13

Hierdie versekering van uitverkiesing laat die gelowiges hulleself voor God verootmoedig, sy genade prys en vurig na heiligheid streef¹. Dit is nie ‘n oorsaak van luiheid nie, maar van ywer².

Skrifverwysings ¹ 2 Petrus 1:10; Efesiërs 5:1-2 ² Titus 2:11-12; Hebreërs 12:14

Paragraaf 14

Die leer van uitverkiesing moet met eerbied en sorg gepreek word, sodat dit die eer van God en die vertroosting van sy volk bevorder¹. Dit mag nie gebruik word om twyfel of nalatigheid te veroorsaak nie².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 11:33-36; 1 Timoteus 2:1-2 ² 2 Timoteus 2:15; 1 Petrus 4:11

Paragraaf 15

Die leer van verwerping, waardeur God sommige in hul sonde gelaat het, is ‘n herinnering aan sy geregtigheid en soewereiniteit¹. Dit maak God nie die outeur van sonde nie, maar bevestig sy regverdige oordeel².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 9:17-18; 2 Tessalonisense 2:11-12 ² 1 Petrus 2:8; Judas 4

Paragraaf 16

Diegene wat nog nie die werking van die Gees ervaar het nie, maar deur die Woord tot bekering kom, moet nie twyfel aan hul uitverkiesing nie¹. God se beloftes is betroubaar².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Hebreërs 6:17-18; 2 Timoteus 2:19 ² Romeine 10:17; Johannes 6:37

Paragraaf 17

Ouers wat gelowig is, moet nie twyfel aan die uitverkiesing en saligheid van hul kinders wat in hul kinderjare sterf nie, want God se verbond sluit hul kinders in¹. Hulle is heilig deur die verbond van genade².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Genesis 17:7; Handelinge 2:39 ² 1 Korintiërs 7:14; Romeine 11:16

Paragraaf 18

Ons moet nie God se besluit bevraagteken nie, maar dit met eerbied en verwondering aanvaar, want sy weë is hoër as ons weë¹. Die leer van uitverkiesing en verwerping is ‘n misterie wat ons met nederigheid moet benader².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 11:33-34; Jesaja 55:8-9 ² Deuteronomium 29:29; 1 Korintiërs 2:7

Verwerping van Foute

  1. Fout: Dat God die mens so geskape het dat hy moet sondig. Weerlegging: Dit is godslasterlik, want God is nie die outeur van sonde nie¹. Die Skrif leer dat die mens uit vrye wil gesondig het². Skrifverwysings ¹ Jakobus 1:13; 1 Johannes 1:5 ² Genesis 3:6; Romeine 5:12

  2. Fout: Dat uitverkiesing gegrond is op voorafgesiene geloof of werke. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat uitverkiesing uitsluitlik op God se welbehae berus¹, en dat geloof en werke die vrug van uitverkiesing is². Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 9:11; Efesiërs 1:4-5 ² Johannes 15:16; Efesiërs 2:10

  3. Fout: Dat daar verskeie soorte uitverkiesing is, sommige voorwaardelik en ander onvoorwaardelik. Weerlegging: Die Skrif verklaar een onveranderlike dekreet van uitverkiesing¹, wat nie op menslike verdienste berus nie². Skrifverwysings ¹ Efesiërs 1:11; Handelinge 15:18 ² Romeine 11:5-6

First Head of Doctrine: Of Divine Predestination and Election

Article 1

As all men have sinned in Adam, lie under the curse, and are deserving of eternal death, God would have done no injustice by leaving them all to perish and delivering them over to condemnation on account of sin. As the apostle teaches: the whole world is guilty before God¹. All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God² and: The wages of sin is death³.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 3:19; Romans 5:12-14 ² Romans 3:23 ³ Romans 6:23

Article 2

But God, out of His great love for the world, gave His only begotten Son, so that everyone who believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life¹. From this the boundless love of God is evident, who sent His Son to save the world².

Scripture References ¹ John 3:16 ² 1 John 4:9-10

Article 3

In order to bring people to faith, God proclaims His gospel to whom He wills, and by the power of the Holy Spirit He makes the hearts receptive to the gospel¹. The gospel is a gracious call to all people to repent and believe in Christ².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 10:14-15; Acts 16:14 ² Matthew 22:14; Acts 17:30

Article 4

Those who hear the gospel and do not believe are themselves responsible for their unbelief, for the gospel is sufficient to produce faith¹. Their hardening is not the fault of God, but of their own stubbornness².

Scripture References ¹ John 12:37-40; Hebrews 4:12 ² Romans 2:5; Hebrews 3:13

Article 5

The cause of faith in some and unbelief in others lies in God’s eternal decree, by which He has elected some to faith and salvation, while leaving others in their sin¹. This is the source of all saving gifts².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 9:15-18; Ephesians 1:4-5 ² John 6:44; Ephesians 2:8

Article 6

This election is God’s unchangeable purpose to redeem certain persons out of fallen humanity unto salvation, not on the basis of their works, but out of His free grace in Christ¹.

Scripture References ¹ Ephesians 1:4-5; 2 Timothy 1:9

Article 7

This election God determined before the foundation of the world, when out of His free goodness He chose certain persons to be holy and blameless before Him¹. This election is not based on foreseen faith or good works, but on God’s free grace².

Scripture References ¹ Ephesians 1:4; 1 Peter 1:1-2 ² Romans 9:11; Titus 3:4-5

Article 8

There are not various decrees of election, but one and the same decree for all who will be saved, both under the Old and New Testament¹. This decree includes both grace and glory².

Scripture References ¹ Acts 15:18; Ephesians 1:11 ² Romans 8:30; 2 Thessalonians 2:13

Article 9

Election is the fountain of all saving gifts, from which flow faith, holiness, and other gifts, and ultimately eternal life itself¹. The apostle says: He chose us, not because we were holy, but that we should be holy and blameless before Him².

Scripture References ¹ Ephesians 1:4; John 17:6 ² Ephesians 1:4

Article 10

The cause of this gracious election is exclusively the good pleasure of God, not any merit in man¹. It is out of His free grace that He has chosen some and passed by others².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 9:15-16; Ephesians 2:8-9 ² Romans 11:5-6

Article 11

God’s election is unchangeable, and the elect cannot be cast away, but shall certainly attain to salvation¹. Their faith is a proof of their election².

Scripture References ¹ John 10:28-29; Romans 8:30 ² 1 Thessalonians 1:4; 2 Peter 1:10

Article 12

The elect are in the appointed time brought to faith and receive the assurance of their election through the working of the Holy Spirit¹. This assurance brings joy and holy delight².

Scripture References ¹ Acts 13:48; 2 Corinthians 4:6 ² Hebrews 6:11-12; 1 John 3:14

Article 13

This assurance of election causes believers to humble themselves before God, to praise His grace, and to strive fervently after holiness¹. It is not a cause of laziness, but of zeal².

Scripture References ¹ 2 Peter 1:10; Ephesians 5:1-2 ² Titus 2:11-12; Hebrews 12:14

Article 14

The doctrine of election must be preached with reverence and care, so that it promotes the glory of God and the comfort of His people¹. It may not be used to cause doubt or negligence².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 11:33-36; 1 Timothy 2:1-2 ² 2 Timothy 2:15; 1 Peter 4:11

Article 15

The doctrine of reprobation, by which God has left some in their sin, is a reminder of His justice and sovereignty¹. It does not make God the author of sin, but confirms His righteous judgment².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 9:17-18; 2 Thessalonians 2:11-12 ² 1 Peter 2:8; Jude 4

Article 16

Those who have not yet experienced the working of the Spirit, but come to repentance through the Word, should not doubt their election¹. God’s promises are trustworthy².

Scripture References ¹ Hebrews 6:17-18; 2 Timothy 2:19 ² Romans 10:17; John 6:37

Article 17

Believing parents should not doubt the election and salvation of their children who die in infancy, for God’s covenant includes their children¹. They are holy through the covenant of grace².

Scripture References ¹ Genesis 17:7; Acts 2:39 ² 1 Corinthians 7:14; Romans 11:16

Article 18

We must not question God’s decree, but accept it with reverence and wonder, for His ways are higher than our ways¹. The doctrine of election and reprobation is a mystery that we must approach with humility².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 11:33-34; Isaiah 55:8-9 ² Deuteronomy 29:29; 1 Corinthians 2:7

Rejection of Errors

  1. Error: That God so created man that he must sin. Refutation: This is blasphemous, for God is not the author of sin¹. Scripture teaches that man sinned of his own free will². Scripture References ¹ James 1:13; 1 John 1:5 ² Genesis 3:6; Romans 5:12

  2. Error: That election is based on foreseen faith or works. Refutation: Scripture teaches that election rests solely on God’s good pleasure¹, and that faith and works are the fruit of election². Scripture References ¹ Romans 9:11; Ephesians 1:4-5 ² John 15:16; Ephesians 2:10

  3. Error: That there are various kinds of election, some conditional and others unconditional. Refutation: Scripture declares one unchangeable decree of election¹, which does not rest on human merit². Scripture References ¹ Ephesians 1:11; Acts 15:18 ² Romans 11:5-6

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Hoofstuk 2Second Head of Doctrine

Tweede Hoofstuk: Van die Dood van Christus en die Verlossing van die Mens Deur Hom

Paragraaf 1

God is nie net volmaak regverdig nie, maar ook barmhartig, en daarom het Hy sy Seun as versoening vir die sondes van die mens gestuur¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ 1 Johannes 4:10; Romeine 3:25

Paragraaf 2

Die dood van Christus is van oneindige waarde en voldoende om die sondes van die hele wêreld te verzoen¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ 1 Johannes 2:2; Hebreërs 7:27

Paragraaf 3

Die krag en waarde van Christus se dood spruit uit sy goddelike en menslike natuur, waardeur Hy die volle straf vir sonde gedra het¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Hebreërs 2:14-17; 1 Petrus 3:18

Paragraaf 4

Die evangelie van Christus se dood moet aan alle mense verkondig word, want dit is God se bevel dat alle mense tot bekering geroep word¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Markus 16:15; Handelinge 17:30

Paragraaf 5

God se oproep tot geloof is opreg en ernstig, en die evangelie is ‘n genadige uitnodiging aan alle mense¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 3:16; 2 Korintiërs 5:20

Paragraaf 6

Die rede waarom sommige nie glo nie, lê in hul eie ongeloof, en nie in enige gebrek in Christus se offer nie¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 12:38-40; Hebreërs 4:12

Paragraaf 7

Diegene wat glo, ontvang die vrugte van Christus se dood deur die werking van die Heilige Gees, wat geloof in hul harte wek¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 6:44; Efesiërs 2:8

Paragraaf 8

Dit was God se soewereine wil dat Christus se dood doeltreffend sal wees vir die uitverkorenes, om hul sondes te verzoen en hul saligheid te verseker¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 10:11; Efesiërs 5:25-27

Paragraaf 9

Hierdie plan van verlossing is uit God se ewige liefde en genade, en daarom is dit seker en onfeilbaar¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 8:32; Johannes 17:9

Verwerping van Foute

  1. Fout: Dat Christus se dood vir alle mense sonder onderskeid verlossing bewerk. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat Christus se dood doeltreffend is vir die uitverkorenes¹, en dat Hy sy lewe gelê het vir sy skape². Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 10:15; Handelinge 20:28 ² Efesiërs 5:25; Johannes 17:9

  2. Fout: Dat die krag van Christus se dood afhang van die mens se vrye wil. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat die doeltreffendheid van Christus se dood uit God se soewereine besluit spruit¹. Skrifverwysings ¹ Hebreërs 9:14; Romeine 8:33-34

Second Head of Doctrine: Of the Death of Christ and the Redemption of Men Thereby

Article 1

God is not only perfectly just, but also merciful, and therefore He sent His Son as an atonement for the sins of mankind¹.

Scripture References ¹ 1 John 4:10; Romans 3:25

Article 2

The death of Christ is of infinite value and is sufficient to atone for the sins of the whole world¹.

Scripture References ¹ 1 John 2:2; Hebrews 7:27

Article 3

The power and worth of the death of Christ spring from His divine and human nature, by which He bore the full punishment for sin¹.

Scripture References ¹ Hebrews 2:14-17; 1 Peter 3:18

Article 4

The gospel of the death of Christ must be proclaimed to all people, for it is God’s command that all people be called to repentance¹.

Scripture References ¹ Mark 16:15; Acts 17:30

Article 5

God’s call to faith is sincere and earnest, and the gospel is a gracious invitation to all people¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 3:16; 2 Corinthians 5:20

Article 6

The reason why some do not believe lies in their own unbelief, and not in any deficiency in the sacrifice of Christ¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 12:38-40; Hebrews 4:12

Article 7

Those who believe receive the fruits of the death of Christ through the working of the Holy Spirit, who produces faith in their hearts¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 6:44; Ephesians 2:8

Article 8

It was God’s sovereign will that the death of Christ should be effectual for the elect, to atone for their sins and to secure their salvation¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 10:11; Ephesians 5:25-27

Article 9

This plan of redemption is from God’s eternal love and grace, and therefore it is certain and infallible¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 8:32; John 17:9

Rejection of Errors

  1. Error: That the death of Christ procures salvation for all people without distinction. Refutation: Scripture teaches that the death of Christ is effectual for the elect¹, and that He laid down His life for His sheep². Scripture References ¹ John 10:15; Acts 20:28 ² Ephesians 5:25; John 17:9

  2. Error: That the power of the death of Christ depends on the free will of man. Refutation: Scripture teaches that the efficacy of the death of Christ springs from God’s sovereign decree¹. Scripture References ¹ Hebrews 9:14; Romans 8:33-34

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Hoofstuk 3 & 4Third and Fourth Heads of Doctrine

Derde en Vierde Hoofstuk: Van die Verdorwenheid van die Mens, sy Bekering tot God en die Wyse Waarop Dit Geskied

Paragraaf 1

Die mens is van nature so verdorwe dat hy nie uit eie krag tot geloof of bekering kan kom nie¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 3:10-12; Efesiërs 2:1-3

Paragraaf 2

Alle mense is in Adam geval en is kinders van die toorn¹. Hulle is dood in sonde en nie in staat om hulleself te red nie².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 5:12; Efesiërs 2:3 ² Johannes 6:44; Romeine 8:7-8

Paragraaf 3

Die mens se verdorwenheid is totaal, sodat hy in alle dele van sy wese deur sonde geraak is¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Genesis 6:5; Jeremia 17:9

Paragraaf 4

Alhoewel die mens se natuur verdorwe is, bly hy verantwoordelik om God te gehoorsaam¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 1:20; Handelinge 17:27

Paragraaf 5

Die wet van God openbaar die mens se sonde en sy onvermoë om homself te red¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 3:20; Galasiërs 3:24

Paragraaf 6

Wat die mens nie uit homself kan doen nie, doen God uit sy genade deur die krag van die Heilige Gees¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 3:5; Titus 3:5

Paragraaf 7

God se genade werk onweerstaanbaar in die harte van die uitverkorenes, sodat hulle tot geloof en bekering gebring word¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Handelinge 16:14; Filippense 2:13

Paragraaf 8

God se oproep tot bekering is opreg en word aan alle mense gerig, maar slegs die uitverkorenes reageer deur die krag van die Gees¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Matteus 22:14; Johannes 6:37

Paragraaf 9

Die rede waarom sommige nie glo nie, is hul eie ongeloof, en nie ‘n gebrek in God se genade nie¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 12:39-40; Hebreërs 4:12

Paragraaf 10

Die wedergeboorte is uitsluitlik die werk van God, wat die mens se wil vernuwe en hom lewend maak¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Esegiël 36:26-27; Johannes 3:3-5

Paragraaf 11

Hierdie wedergeboorte gebeur nie deur dwang nie, maar deur die kragtige en liefdevolle werking van die Heilige Gees¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Filippense 2:13; 2 Korintiërs 4:6

Paragraaf 12

Die wedergeborenes toon die vrugte van geloof, soos liefde, blydskap en heiligheid¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Galasiërs 5:22-23; 1 Johannes 3:14

Paragraaf 13

Die wedergeboorte is ‘n voortgaande proses, waardeur die gelowige al meer na die beeld van Christus vernuwe word¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ 2 Korintiërs 3:18; Kolossense 3:10

Paragraaf 14

Geloof is ‘n gawe van God, wat Hy aan sy uitverkorenes gee¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Efesiërs 2:8; Filippense 1:29

Paragraaf 15

God se genade is onweerstaanbaar in die sin dat dit sy doel bereik in die uitverkorenes¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 6:37; Romeine 8:30

Paragraaf 16

Hierdie genade dwing nie die mens se wil nie, maar vernuwe dit sodat hy vrywillig glo¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Esegiël 36:26; Johannes 10:27-28

Paragraaf 17

God gebruik middele, soos die prediking van die Woord en die sakramente, om sy genade te bewerk¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 10:14-17; 1 Korintiërs 1:21

Verwerping van Foute

  1. Fout: Dat die mens se wil vry is om God se genade te aanvaar of te verwerp. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat die mens se wil deur sonde geknel is¹, en dat God alleen hom kan bevry². Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 8:7-8; Johannes 8:34 ² Johannes 6:44; Filippense 2:13

  2. Fout: Dat die mens uit eie krag kan glo of homself kan bekeer. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat geloof en bekering gawes van God is¹. Skrifverwysings ¹ Efesiërs 2:8; Handelinge 11:18

  3. Fout: Dat God se genade slegs ‘n aanbod is wat die mens kan weier. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat God se genade doeltreffend is in die uitverkorenes¹. Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 6:37; Romeine 8:30

Third and Fourth Heads of Doctrine: Of the Corruption of Man, His Conversion to God, and the Manner Thereof

Article 1

Man is by nature so corrupt that he cannot of his own strength come to faith or conversion¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 3:10-12; Ephesians 2:1-3

Article 2

All men have fallen in Adam and are children of wrath¹. They are dead in sin and unable to save themselves².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 5:12; Ephesians 2:3 ² John 6:44; Romans 8:7-8

Article 3

Man’s corruption is total, so that he is affected by sin in every part of his being¹.

Scripture References ¹ Genesis 6:5; Jeremiah 17:9

Article 4

Although man’s nature is corrupt, he remains responsible to obey God¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 1:20; Acts 17:27

Article 5

The law of God reveals man’s sin and his inability to save himself¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 3:20; Galatians 3:24

Article 6

What man cannot do of himself, God does out of His grace through the power of the Holy Spirit¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 3:5; Titus 3:5

Article 7

God’s grace works irresistibly in the hearts of the elect, so that they are brought to faith and conversion¹.

Scripture References ¹ Acts 16:14; Philippians 2:13

Article 8

God’s call to conversion is sincere and is addressed to all people, but only the elect respond through the power of the Spirit¹.

Scripture References ¹ Matthew 22:14; John 6:37

Article 9

The reason why some do not believe is their own unbelief, and not a deficiency in God’s grace¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 12:39-40; Hebrews 4:12

Article 10

Regeneration is exclusively the work of God, who renews the will of man and makes him alive¹.

Scripture References ¹ Ezekiel 36:26-27; John 3:3-5

Article 11

This regeneration does not take place by compulsion, but by the powerful and loving working of the Holy Spirit¹.

Scripture References ¹ Philippians 2:13; 2 Corinthians 4:6

Article 12

The regenerate show the fruits of faith, such as love, joy, and holiness¹.

Scripture References ¹ Galatians 5:22-23; 1 John 3:14

Article 13

Regeneration is an ongoing process, by which the believer is increasingly renewed after the image of Christ¹.

Scripture References ¹ 2 Corinthians 3:18; Colossians 3:10

Article 14

Faith is a gift of God, which He gives to His elect¹.

Scripture References ¹ Ephesians 2:8; Philippians 1:29

Article 15

God’s grace is irresistible in the sense that it achieves its purpose in the elect¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 6:37; Romans 8:30

Article 16

This grace does not compel the will of man, but renews it so that he believes willingly¹.

Scripture References ¹ Ezekiel 36:26; John 10:27-28

Article 17

God uses means, such as the preaching of the Word and the sacraments, to effect His grace¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 10:14-17; 1 Corinthians 1:21

Rejection of Errors

  1. Error: That man’s will is free to accept or reject God’s grace. Refutation: Scripture teaches that man’s will is bound by sin¹, and that God alone can set him free². Scripture References ¹ Romans 8:7-8; John 8:34 ² John 6:44; Philippians 2:13

  2. Error: That man can believe or convert himself by his own power. Refutation: Scripture teaches that faith and conversion are gifts of God¹. Scripture References ¹ Ephesians 2:8; Acts 11:18

  3. Error: That God’s grace is merely an offer which man can refuse. Refutation: Scripture teaches that God’s grace is effectual in the elect¹. Scripture References ¹ John 6:37; Romans 8:30

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Hoofstuk 5Fifth Head of Doctrine

Vyfde Hoofstuk: Van die Volharding van die Heiliges

Paragraaf 1

Die uitverkorenes wat wedergebaar is, kan nie heeltemal uit die genade val nie, want God bewaar hulle¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 10:28-29; Filippense 1:6

Paragraaf 2

Die gelowiges bly nie vry van sonde nie, maar val soms in sonde¹. Tog laat God hulle nie heeltemal val nie².

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 7:18-25; 1 Johannes 1:8 ² Psalm 37:24; Hebreërs 7:25

Paragraaf 3

Deur hul sondes verdien die gelowiges God se tugtiging, maar nie sy verwerping nie¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Hebreërs 12:5-7; 1 Korintiërs 11:32

Paragraaf 4

Selfs in tye van sonde bly die wedergeborenes in Christus, en God bring hulle terug tot bekering¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Lukas 22:31-32; 1 Johannes 2:1

Paragraaf 5

Hierdie volharding is nie die verdienste van die mens nie, maar die genade van God¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Filippense 1:6; 2 Timoteus 1:12

Paragraaf 6

God se getrouheid verseker dat die uitverkorenes nooit uit sy hand sal val nie¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 10:28; Romeine 8:38-39

Paragraaf 7

Hierdie leer van volharding bring troos en blydskap aan die gelowiges¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Hebreërs 6:11-12; 1 Johannes 5:13

Paragraaf 8

Die versekering van volharding lei nie tot sorgeloosheid nie, maar tot ywer en heiligheid¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ 2 Petrus 1:10; Titus 2:11-12

Paragraaf 9

Die gelowiges ontvang hierdie versekering deur geloof, gebed en die gebruik van die sakramente¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 10:17; 1 Korintiërs 11:24-25

Paragraaf 10

Hierdie versekering is nie altyd ewe sterk nie, maar God versterk dit deur sy Gees¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Psalm 51:11-12; Efesiërs 3:16-17

Paragraaf 11

Die versoeking tot sonde bly, maar God gee krag om dit te weerstaan¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ 1 Korintiërs 10:13; Jakobus 4:7

Paragraaf 12

Die leer van volharding laat die gelowiges God loof en hulself verootmoedig¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 11:20; Efesiërs 3:20-21

Paragraaf 13

Die volharding van die heiliges is ‘n geestelike leer wat die eer van God bevorder¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Filippense 2:12-13; Judas 24-25

Paragraaf 14

God gebruik middele, soos die prediking van die Woord en gebed, om die gelowiges te bewaar¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ Romeine 10:14-15; Kolossense 4:2

Paragraaf 15

Hierdie leer is ‘n troos vir die kerk en ‘n getuienis van God se getrouheid¹.

Skrifverwysings ¹ 1 Johannes 5:13; Hebreërs 13:5

Verwerping van Foute

  1. Fout: Dat die uitverkorenes uit genade kan val en verlore gaan. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat God se uitverkorenes onfeilbaar bewaar word¹. Skrifverwysings ¹ Johannes 10:28-29; Romeine 8:30

  2. Fout: Dat die versekering van volharding tot sorgeloosheid lei. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat volharding ywer en heiligheid aanmoedig¹. Skrifverwysings ¹ 2 Petrus 1:10; Hebreërs 12:14

  3. Fout: Dat wedergeboorte herhaaldelik verlore kan gaan en herwin word. Weerlegging: Die Skrif leer dat die saad van wedergeboorte onverganklik is¹. Skrifverwysings ¹ 1 Petrus 1:23; 1 Johannes 3:9

Fifth Head of Doctrine: Of the Perseverance of the Saints

Article 1

The elect who are regenerated can never totally fall from grace, for God preserves them¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 10:28-29; Philippians 1:6

Article 2

Believers do not remain free from sin, but sometimes fall into sin¹. Yet God does not allow them to fall completely².

Scripture References ¹ Romans 7:18-25; 1 John 1:8 ² Psalm 37:24; Hebrews 7:25

Article 3

Through their sins believers deserve God’s chastisement, but not His rejection¹.

Scripture References ¹ Hebrews 12:5-7; 1 Corinthians 11:32

Article 4

Even in times of sin the regenerate remain in Christ, and God restores them to repentance¹.

Scripture References ¹ Luke 22:31-32; 1 John 2:1

Article 5

This perseverance is not the merit of man, but the grace of God¹.

Scripture References ¹ Philippians 1:6; 2 Timothy 1:12

Article 6

God’s faithfulness ensures that the elect will never fall from His hand¹.

Scripture References ¹ John 10:28; Romans 8:38-39

Article 7

This doctrine of perseverance brings comfort and joy to believers¹.

Scripture References ¹ Hebrews 6:11-12; 1 John 5:13

Article 8

The assurance of perseverance does not lead to carelessness, but to zeal and holiness¹.

Scripture References ¹ 2 Peter 1:10; Titus 2:11-12

Article 9

Believers receive this assurance through faith, prayer, and the use of the sacraments¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 10:17; 1 Corinthians 11:24-25

Article 10

This assurance is not always equally strong, but God strengthens it through His Spirit¹.

Scripture References ¹ Psalm 51:11-12; Ephesians 3:16-17

Article 11

The temptation to sin remains, but God gives strength to resist it¹.

Scripture References ¹ 1 Corinthians 10:13; James 4:7

Article 12

The doctrine of perseverance causes believers to praise God and to humble themselves¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 11:20; Ephesians 3:20-21

Article 13

The perseverance of the saints is a spiritual doctrine that promotes the glory of God¹.

Scripture References ¹ Philippians 2:12-13; Jude 24-25

Article 14

God uses means, such as the preaching of the Word and prayer, to preserve believers¹.

Scripture References ¹ Romans 10:14-15; Colossians 4:2

Article 15

This doctrine is a comfort to the Church and a testimony of God’s faithfulness¹.

Scripture References ¹ 1 John 5:13; Hebrews 13:5

Rejection of Errors

  1. Error: That the elect can fall from grace and be lost. Refutation: Scripture teaches that God’s elect are infallibly preserved¹. Scripture References ¹ John 10:28-29; Romans 8:30

  2. Error: That the assurance of perseverance leads to carelessness. Refutation: Scripture teaches that perseverance encourages zeal and holiness¹. Scripture References ¹ 2 Peter 1:10; Hebrews 12:14

  3. Error: That regeneration can be repeatedly lost and regained. Refutation: Scripture teaches that the seed of regeneration is imperishable¹. Scripture References ¹ 1 Peter 1:23; 1 John 3:9

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BesluitConclusion

Die voorgaande is dan die duidelike, eenvoudige, openhartige verklaring van die regsinnige leer aangaande die Vyf Artikels waaroor in Nederland verskil van mening is. Tegelykertyd is dit die verwerping van die dwalings waardeur die Nederlandse kerke ‘n tyd lank in beroering was. Die Sinode oordeel dat hierdie uiteensetting en verwerping uit die Woord van God geneem is en met die belydenisse van die Gereformeerde Kerke ooreenstem.

Hieruit blyk dit duidelik dat mense vir wie dit allermins betaamlik was, in stryd met alle waarheid, eerlikheid en liefde die volk die volgende wou wysmaak:

  • dat hierdie leer ‘n oorkussing van die duiwel en die sondige natuur en ‘n vesting van die Satan is, waaruit hy vir alle mense hinderlae opstel, die meeste verwond en baie met pyle óf van wanhoop óf van sorgeloosheid dodelik tref;
  • dat hierdie leer God tot outeur van die sonde maak, ‘n onregverdige, ‘n tiran en ‘n huigelaar, en dat dit niks as die herleefde leer van die Stoïsyne, Manigeërs, Libertyne en Moslems is nie;
  • dat hierdie leer die mense sorgloos maak en dat hulle hulle daardeur verbeel dat, op watter wyse hulle ook al leef, dit nie die saligheid van die uitverkorenes verhinder nie en dat hulle gevolglik sonder kommer allerhande afskuwelike sondes kan doen;
  • dat dit die verworpenes nie tot saligheid strek nie, selfs al sou hulle inderdaad ook al die werke van die gelowiges verrig;
  • dat volgens hierdie leer God enkel en alleen deur sy wilsbesluit, sonder oorweging of inagneming van enige sonde van enig-iemand, die grootste deel van die wêreld vir die ewige verderf voorbeskik en geskep het;
  • dat, net soos die verkiesing die fontein en die oorsaak van die geloof en die goeie werke is, die verwerping ook so die oorsaak van die ongeloof en goddeloosheid is;
  • dat baie onskuldige kinders van gelowiges van die moederbors weggeruk en op wreedaardige wyse in die hel gegooi word, sonder dat die bloed van Christus of hulle doop of die gebede van die kerk by hulle doop vir hulle tot voordeel kan wees.

En watter baie ander soortgelyke bewerings is daar nie wat die Gereformeerde Kerke nie alleen nie aanvaar nie, maar ook van ganser harte verfoei!


Daarom doen hierdie Sinode van Dordrecht in die Naam van die Here ‘n beroep op almal wat die Naam van ons Verlosser Jesus Christus gelowig aanroep, om die geloof van die Gereformeerde Kerke nie te beoordeel op grond van:

  • hier en daar saamgeroepte lasteringe, of
  • persoonlike uitsprake van verskeie ouer of jonger leraars,

nie. Hierdie uitsprake word dikwels slegs met kwade bedoelings aangehaal of vermink en tot ‘n verkeerde betekenis verdraai. Hulle moet eerder op grond van die openbare belydenisse van genoemde Gereformeerde Kerke oordeel, en op grond van hierdie uiteensetting van die regsinnige leer wat met algemene instemming van almal saam en van elke lid van die hele Sinode afsonderlik vasgestel is.


Vervolgens vermaan die Sinode hierdie lasteraars ernstig dat hulle moet besef watter swaar oordeel van God hulle oor hulleself bring as hulle:

  • teen soveel kerke en teen die belydenisse van soveel kerke valse getuienis gee,
  • die gewetens van die swakkeres in beroering bring, en
  • naarstiglik streef om by baie mense die gemeenskap van die ware gelowiges verdag te maak.

Ten slotte doen hierdie Sinode ‘n beroep op alle mededienaars in die evangelie van Christus om hulle in die behandeling van hierdie leer in die skole en in die kerke vroom en gelowig te gedra. Hulle moet hierdie leer sowel mondeling as skriftelik:

  • tot eer van die Naam van God,
  • tot heiligmaking van die lewe, en
  • tot troos van die verslae harte

uitleg.

Hulle moet, in ooreenstemming met die Skrif, nie alleen na die reël van die geloof dink nie, maar ook praat. Eindelik moet hulle hulle weerhou van alle uitsprake wat die voorgeskrewe perke van die ware strekking van die Heilige Skrif oorskry. Sulke uitsprake kan aan die skaamtelose dwaalleraars ‘n gegronde rede gee om die leer van die Gereformeerde Kerke sleg te maak of te belaster.


Slotgebed:

Mag die Seun van God, Jesus Christus, wat aan die regterhand van die Vader sit en aan die mense gawes gee, ons in die waarheid heilig. Mag Hy hulle wat dwaal, tot die waarheid lei en die lasteraars van die gesonde leer die mond snoer. Mag Hy die getroue dienaars van sy Woord die Gees van wysheid en onderskeiding gee, sodat al hulle uitsprake tot eer van God en tot opbouing van hoorders mag strek.

Amen.

The foregoing is the clear, simple, and candid declaration of the orthodox doctrine concerning the Five Articles about which there was disagreement in the Netherlands. At the same time it is the rejection of the errors by which the Dutch churches had been disturbed for some time. The Synod judges that this exposition and rejection has been derived from the Word of God and is in agreement with the confessions of the Reformed Churches.

From this it is evident that those for whom such conduct was most unbecoming have, contrary to all truth, honesty, and love, wished to make the people believe:

  • that this doctrine is a pillow of the devil and the sinful nature, and a stronghold of Satan, from which he lies in wait for all men, wounds most of them, and fatally strikes many with the arrows of either despair or carelessness;
  • that this doctrine makes God the author of sin, unjust, a tyrant, and a hypocrite, and that it is nothing but a revival of the doctrines of the Stoics, Manichaeans, Libertines, and Muslims;
  • that this doctrine makes people careless and causes them to imagine that, in whatever way they may live, it will not hinder the salvation of the elect, and that therefore they may without concern commit all kinds of abominable sins;
  • that it does not avail the reprobate unto salvation, even if they should indeed perform all the works of the believers;
  • that according to this doctrine God, by a mere act of His will, without any regard to or consideration of any sin of anyone, has predestined and created the greatest part of the world for eternal perdition;
  • that in the same manner in which election is the fountain and cause of faith and good works, reprobation is also the cause of unbelief and ungodliness;
  • that many innocent children of believers are snatched from their mothers’ breasts and cruelly cast into hell, so that neither the blood of Christ, nor their baptism, nor the prayers of the Church at their baptism can be of any benefit to them.

And there are many other similar assertions which the Reformed Churches not only do not accept, but also detest with their whole heart!


Therefore this Synod of Dort, in the Name of the Lord, appeals to all who devoutly call upon the Name of our Saviour Jesus Christ not to judge the faith of the Reformed Churches on the basis of:

  • slanders gathered here and there, or
  • personal statements of various older or younger teachers,

These statements are often quoted only with evil intent or are corrupted and twisted to a wrong meaning. Rather, they should judge on the basis of the public confessions of the said Reformed Churches, and on the basis of this exposition of the orthodox doctrine which has been established with the general agreement of all together and of each individual member of the whole Synod.


Furthermore, the Synod earnestly warns these slanderers that they should consider what a heavy judgment of God they bring upon themselves if they:

  • bear false witness against so many churches and against the confessions of so many churches,
  • disturb the consciences of the weak, and
  • strive diligently to make the fellowship of the true believers suspect in the eyes of many people.

Finally, this Synod appeals to all fellow ministers of the gospel of Christ to conduct themselves piously and faithfully in the treatment of this doctrine in the schools and in the churches. They should expound this doctrine, both orally and in writing:

  • to the glory of the Name of God,
  • to the holiness of life, and
  • to the comfort of afflicted hearts.

They must, in accordance with Scripture, not only think according to the rule of faith, but also speak. Finally, they must abstain from all those utterances which exceed the prescribed limits of the true sense of the Holy Scriptures. Such utterances may give the shameless false teachers a just cause to disparage or slander the doctrine of the Reformed Churches.


Closing Prayer:

May the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who sits at the right hand of the Father and gives gifts to men, sanctify us in the truth. May He lead those who err into the truth and silence the slanderers of sound doctrine. May He give the faithful servants of His Word the Spirit of wisdom and discretion, so that all their utterances may tend to the glory of God and the edification of their hearers.

Amen.

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© Attie Retief, 2025